Beskrivning
Product Type:
Dental prosthesis
Description:
In the case of prosthetic restoration of missing teeth, a distinction is made between full dentures, toothless jaws and partial dentures (individual teeth are still preserved and are necessary as supporting supports).
Dentures are used to replace those caused by disease (caries, periodontal disease , etc.), accident or natural decay, destroyed tooth substance.
The main functions of the denture are:
1.) Restoration of the chewing function taking into account physiological (statics) and prophylactic aspects (atrophies, secondary caries, etc.)
2.) Recovering a Cosmetically satisfactory situation
3.) Resolving any disturbances in phonetics. These requirements should be met without dentures causing secondary effects on the remaining dentition or other pathological changes in the body.
The most common materials that are used in the manufacture of dentures are:
- plastics
- precious metals
- high-alloyed ones Steels
- ceramic materials
A distinction is made between fixed (crowns, bridges, inlays, onlays etc.) and removable dentures (partial and total dentures). The types of dentures known in the field of dental technology are extremely diverse, therefore only the most important ones are mentioned below:
The total prosthesis:
The total prosthesis is used when the patient has already lost their remaining dentition. It essentially consists of 2 components, on the one hand a base made of plastic (mainly made from a hot polymer), which ideally rests firmly on the mucous membrane covering of the upper or lower jaw, and on the other hand a set of teeth that is shaped, colored and Function corresponds to the requirements of the usually older patient.
The partial prosthesis:
The partial prosthesis is used when the patient still has a residual dentition. It consists essentially of two components, on the one hand from a base, whereby a) plates, b) skeletonized plates, and c) brackets are differentiated as basic forms, and on the other hand from saddle supports, which complement the lost teeth and jaw parts. When designing a partial prosthesis, a number of patient-specific factors must be taken into account. B.:
1) Denture foundation:
- Interruption of the row of teeth
- Shortening of the row of teeth
- Combination of both possibilities
2) Denture bed:
- Condition of the gingiva (firm, flexible)
- Condition of the alveolar ridge
3) Condition of the remaining dentition ( Caries, parodontosis)
To anchor the partial prosthesis, you need special holding and support elements that have the task of absorbing the various forces (tension, pressure, thrust, torsion, etc.).
The most common are:
- Wire - and cast clasps, with and without support
- Attachments, telescopic crowns
- Rider and anchor (Doldersteg)
The crowns:
Substitution of a natural crown (usually damaged by caries) by an artificial crown that is firmly connected to the root. A distinction is mainly made between full cast crowns (used in the less visible molar area) and veneer crowns (for the visible area of anterior teeth and premolars).
Reasons for using crowns:
1) Physiological and prophylactic:
- Recovering the chewing function
- Completion of the row of teeth
- Restoration of the contact points
- Protection of the antagonists
- Protection of the tooth from secondary caries
2) Phonetics and cosmetics:
The bridges are constructions that are anchored to the natural teeth and roots that are still present, transfer the chewing pressure to them and only occupy the space provided for the natural teeth. They consist of bridge piers (the teeth that the bridge is attached to) and bridge body. (It represents the entirety of the replacement teeth in a bridge)
Materials:
Crowns and bridges consist of a gold alloy (solid cast and framework) and layered plastic or ceramic (for veneering labial / buccal and occlusal surfaces.
Literature:
- HHSchulz (The Partial Prosthesis)
- Dental Labor Book Series
- Verlag Neuer Merkur GmbH Munich
- Knischewski (Anatomy, Histology and Physiology)
- Knischewski (Dental Labor Book Series)
- Verlag Neuer Merkur GmbH Munich
- Applegate ( Textbook and atlas of the removable partial denture)
- Verlag Bonyhard
- The indication for the prosthesis
- Verlag Urban und Schwarzenberg
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